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शाब-ए चेलेह (शब-ए यल्दा) - यल्ड रात
MYSTERY OF IRAN
MYSTERY OF IRAN

MYSTERY OF IRAN

   
  

Yalda Night

Shab-e Chelleh or Shab-e Yalda

Shab-e Yalda ("Yalda night" Persian: شب یلدا‎‎) or Shab-e Chelleh ("night of forty", Persian: شب چله‎‎) is an Iranian festival celebrated on the "longest and darkest night of the year," that is, in the night of the Northern Hemisphere's winter solstice. Calendrically, this corresponds to the night of December 20/21 (±1) in the Gregorian calendar, and to the night between the last day of the ninth month (Azar) and the first day of the tenth month (Dey) of the Iranian civil calendar.

The longest and darkest night of the year is a time when friends and family gather together to eat, drink and read poetry (especially Hafez) until well after midnight. Fruits and nuts are eaten and pomegranates and watermelons are particularly significant. The red color in these fruits symbolizes the crimson hues of dawn and glow of life. The poems of Divan-e-Hafez, which can be found in the bookcases of most Iranians families, are intermingled with peoples' life and are read or recited during various occasions like this festival and at Nowruz.

The longest and darkest night of the year marks "the night opening the initial forty-day period of the three-month winter", from which the name Chella, "forty", derives. There are all together three 40-day periods, one in summer, and two in winter. The two winter periods are known as the "great chella" period (1 Dae to 11 Bahman, 40 full days), followed/overlapped by the "small chella" period (10 Bahman to 30 Bahman, 20 days + 20 nights = 40 nights and days). Shab-e Chella is the night opening the "big chella" period, that is the night between the last day of autumn and the first day of winter. Iranian celebrated this night because they believed that the last day of darkness will end tonight and after tomorrow the sun will shine more and more some how the called it "the night that sun will reborn" and from time to time other cultures and civilizations came to contact with Persian and as cultures have effect on each other, they took the idea and named it similarly on their language. it is not clear when and how this festival went to the Roman Empire but the time of celebrating ( more that 5000 years ago ) of this festival shows that Persian celebrated it long before Egyptians and Romans. In most ancient cultures, including Persia, the start of the solar year has been marked with the celebration of the victory of light over darkness, and the renewal of the sun. For example, 4,000 years ago, Egyptians celebrated the rebirth of the sun at this time of the year. Their festival lasted for 12 days to reflect the 12 divisions in their solar calendar. The ancient Roman festivals of Saturnalia (god of agriculture, Saturn) and Sol Invicta (sun god) are amongst the best known celebrations in the western world. The other name of the festival, 'Yaldā', is ultimately a borrowing from Aramaic language. Yalda means "birth" but in a religious context was also the Syriac Christian proper name for Christmas, and which was celebrated on eve of the winter solstice. the territory of Persian was so large and people spoke different languages that one of them was Aramaic language. After some time that is not so clear the work of " Yalda " also came to use for this festival  and today in Iran, people call it both  'Shab-e Yalda' and 'Shab-e Cheleh' and they became synonymous and the two are used interchangeably.

An association with the 40-day "chella" period is preserved amongst Iranian Azerbaijanis and Azerbaijan Republic, who call it Çillə Gecəsi چیلله گئجه‌سی which means the beginning of the first 40 days of winter.

Shab-e Chella was officially added to Iran's List of National Treasures in a special ceremony in 2008.

Customs and traditions

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